Angular Have to Login Again After Refresh

With the rising popularity of single folio applications, mobile applications, and RESTful API services, the way spider web developers write back-end code has inverse significantly. With technologies like AngularJS and BackboneJS, we are no longer spending much time building markup, instead we are building APIs that our front-terminate applications consume. Our dorsum-terminate is more well-nigh business organisation logic and data, while presentation logic is moved exclusively to the front-stop or mobile applications. These changes take led to new ways of implementing authentication in modern applications.

Authentication is 1 of the most important parts of any web application. For decades, cookies and server-based authentication were the easiest solution. However, treatment authentication in modern Mobile and Single Page Applications tin be catchy, and need a better approach. The best known solutions to authentication problems for APIs are the OAuth two.0 and the JSON Spider web Token (JWT).

Earlier nosotros go into this JSON Web Token tutorial, what exactly is a JWT?

What is a JSON Web Token?

A JSON Web Token is used to ship information that can be verified and trusted by means of a digital signature. It comprises a compact and URL-safe JSON object, which is cryptographically signed to verify its authenticity, and which tin can besides be encrypted if the payload contains sensitive data.

Considering of its compact construction, JWT is usually used in HTTP Potency headers or URL query parameters.

Construction of a JSON Web Token

A JWT is represented as a sequence of base64url encoded values that are separated by menstruum characters.

Here is a JWT token example:

                      eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.            eyJpc3MiOiJ0b3B0YWwuY29tIiwiZXhwIjoxNDI2NDIwODAwLCJodHRwOi8vdG9wdGFsLmNvbS9qd3RfY2xhaW1zL2lzX2FkbWluIjp0cnVlLCJjb21wYW55IjoiVG9wdGFsIiwiYXdlc29tZSI6dHJ1ZX0.            yRQYnWzskCZUxPwaQupWkiUzKELZ49eM7oWxAQK_ZXw                  

The header contains the metadata for the token and it minimally contains the blazon of signature and the encryption algorithm. (You can use a JSON formatter tool to prettify the JSON object.)

Case Header

          {   "alg": "HS256",   "typ": "JWT" }                  

This JWT example header declares that the encoded object is a JSON Web Token, and that it is signed using the HMAC SHA-256 algorithm.

Once this is base64 encoded, nosotros have the beginning part of our JWT.

                      eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9                  

Payload (Claims)

In the context of JWT, a merits can be defined as a statement about an entity (typically, the user), too as additional metadata about the token itself. The claim contains the information we want to transmit, and that the server can apply to properly handle JSON Web Token authentication. There are multiple claims nosotros tin provide; these include registered merits names, public claim names and individual merits names.

Registered JWT Claims

These are the claims that are registered in the IANA JSON Web Token Claims registry. These JWT claims are not intended to be mandatory but rather to provide a starting point for a set of useful, interoperable claims.

These include:

• iss: The issuer of the token
• sub: The subject area of the token
• aud: The audition of the token
• exp: JWT expiration time defined in Unix time
• nbf: "Not before" fourth dimension that identifies the time before which the JWT must not be accepted for processing
• iat: "Issued at" fourth dimension, in Unix fourth dimension, at which the token was issued
• jti: JWT ID claim provides a unique identifier for the JWT

Public Claims

Public claims need to take collision-resistant names. By making the name a URI or URN, naming collisions are avoided for JWTs where the sender and receiver are non role of a closed network.

An example of a public claim name could be: https://www.toptal.com/jwt_claims/is_admin, and the best practice is to place a file at that location describing the claim so that it can be dereferenced for documentation.

Individual Claims

Private claim-names may be used in places where JWTs are merely exchanged in a closed surround between known systems, such as inside an enterprise. These are claims that we can define ourselves, like user IDs, user roles, or any other information.

Using merits-names that might have conflicting semantic meanings outside of a airtight or private organisation are subject area to collision, so utilise them with caution.

It is important to notation that we want to keep a web token equally modest as possible, so employ just necessary data within public and private claims.

JWT Example Payload

          {   "iss": "toptal.com",   "exp": 1426420800,   "https://www.toptal.com/jwt_claims/is_admin": true,   "company": "Toptal",   "awesome": true }                  

This example payload has two registered claims, one public claim and two private claims. One time it is base64 encoded, nosotros have the second part of our JWT.

                      eyJpc3MiOiJ0b3B0YWwuY29tIiwiZXhwIjoxNDI2NDIwODAwLCJodHRwOi8vdG9wdGFsLmNvbS9qd3RfY2xhaW1zL2lzX2FkbWluIjp0cnVlLCJjb21wYW55IjoiVG9wdGFsIiwiYXdlc29tZSI6dHJ1ZX0                  

Signature

The JWT standard follows the JSON Web Signature (JWS) specification to generate the final signed token. Information technology is generated by combining the encoded JWT Header and the encoded JWT Payload, and signing it using a strong encryption algorithm, such equally HMAC SHA-256. The signature's secret key is held by the server so it will be able to verify existing tokens and sign new ones.

          $encodedContent = base64UrlEncode(header) + "." + base64UrlEncode(payload); $signature = hashHmacSHA256($encodedContent);                  

This gives us the concluding office of our JWT.

                      yRQYnWzskCZUxPwaQupWkiUzKELZ49eM7oWxAQK_ZXw                  

JWT Security and Encryption

It is critical to utilize TLS/SSL in conjunction with JWT, to preclude human being-in-the-heart attacks. In most cases, this will be sufficient to encrypt the JWT payload if it contains sensitive data. Nevertheless, if we want to add an boosted layer of protection, we can encrypt the JWT payload itself using the JSON Web Encryption (JWE) specification.

Of course, if nosotros want to avert the additional overhead of using JWE, another option is to simply keep sensitive information in our database, and utilise our token for additional API calls to the server whenever we need to admission sensitive data.

Why the Need for Web Tokens?

Before we tin can see all the benefits of using JWT authentication, we accept to look at the way authentication has been done in the past.

Server-Based Authentication

Because the HTTP protocol is stateless, there needs to exist a mechanism for storing user data and a way to authenticate the user on every subsequent request later on login. Most websites employ cookies for storing user's session ID.

How it Works

The browser makes a POST request to the server that contains the user'southward identification and password. The server responds with a cookie, which is set on the user's browser, and includes a session ID to identify the user.

On every subsequent request, the server needs to find that session and deserialize information technology, considering user information is stored on the server.

Drawbacks of Server-Based Hallmark

• Difficult to calibration: The server needs to create a session for a user and persist information technology somewhere on the server. This can exist done in retention or in a database. If we accept a distributed system, we have to make sure that we use a split up session storage that is not coupled to the application server.

• Cross-origin request sharing (CORS): When using AJAX calls to fetch a resource from some other domain ("cross-origin") we could run into problems with forbidden requests because, by default, HTTP requests don't include cookies on cantankerous-origin requests.

• Coupling with the web framework: When using server-based hallmark we are tied to our framework'south authentication scheme. It is really hard, or even incommunicable, to share session data betwixt unlike web frameworks written in different programming languages.

Token-Based Authentication

Token based/JWT authentication is stateless, so there is no need to store user information in the session. This gives united states of america the power to calibration our awarding without worrying where the user has logged in. We can hands utilise the same token for fetching a secure resource from a domain other than the one we are logged in to.

How JSON Web Tokens Piece of work

A browser or mobile customer makes a request to the authentication server containing user login data. The authentication server generates a new JWT access token and returns it to the client. On every request to a restricted resources, the client sends the access token in the query string or Authorisation header. The server and then validates the token and, if it'southward valid, returns the secure resource to the client.

The authentication server can sign the token using any secure signature method. For case, a symmetric primal algorithm such as HMAC SHA-256 can be used if there is a secure channel to share the cloak-and-dagger key among all parties. Alternatively, an asymmetric, public-key system, such as RSA, can be used as well, eliminating the need for further key-sharing.

Advantages of Token-Based Authentication

Stateless, easier to calibration: The token contains all the information to identify the user, eliminating the need for the session state. If we use a load balancer, we can laissez passer the user to any server, instead of being spring to the aforementioned server we logged in on.

Reusability: We can have many separate servers, running on multiple platforms and domains, reusing the aforementioned token for authenticating the user. Information technology is easy to build an application that shares permissions with another application.

JWT Security: Since we are not using cookies, we don't have to protect confronting cantankerous-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks. Nosotros should still encrypt our tokens using JWE if we have to put any sensitive information in them, and transmit our tokens over HTTPS to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.

Performance: There is no server side lookup to find and deserialize the session on each request. The only thing we accept to do is calculate the HMAC SHA-256 to validate the token and parse its content.

A JSON Web Token Example using Laravel 5 and AngularJS

In this JWT tutorial I am going to demonstrate how to implement the basic authentication using JSON Web Tokens in two popular web technologies: Laravel 5 for the backend code and AngularJS for the frontend Unmarried Page Awarding (SPA) example. (You can observe the entire demo hither, and the source code in this GitHub repository so that you lot tin follow along with the tutorial.)

This JSON spider web token case will not employ any kind of encryption to ensure the confidentiality of the information transmitted in the claims. In practice this is often okay, because TLS/SSL encrypts the asking. However, if the token is going to contain sensitive data, such every bit the user'due south social security number, it should as well exist encrypted using JWE.

Laravel Backend Example

We will utilize Laravel to handle user registration, persisting user data to a database and providing some restricted data that needs authentication for the Angular app to swallow. We volition create an example API subdomain to simulate Cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) as well.

Installation and Project Bootstrapping

In social club to use Laravel, we have to install the Composer bundle manager on our automobile. When developing in Laravel I recommend using the Laravel Homestead pre-packaged "box" of Vagrant. It provides us with a consummate evolution environment regardless of our operating system.

The easiest way to bootstrap our JWT Laravel application is to employ a Composer packet Laravel Installer.

          composer global require "laravel/installer=~1.1"                  

Now we are all prepare to create a new Laravel projection by running laravel new jwt.

For whatever questions about this process please refer to the official Laravel documentation.

Later on nosotros have created the basic Laravel 5 application, we need to set up our Homestead.yaml, which will configure folder mappings and domains configuration for our local environment.

Example of a Homestead.yaml file:

          --- ip: "192.168.10.x" memory: 2048 cpus: 1  authorize: /Users/ttkalec/.ssh/public.psk  keys:     - /Users/ttkalec/.ssh/individual.ppk folders:     - map: /coding/jwt       to: /home/vagrant/coding/jwt sites:     - map: jwt.dev       to: /home/vagrant/coding/jwt/public     - map: api.jwt.dev       to: /habitation/vagrant/coding/jwt/public variables:     - fundamental: APP_ENV       value: local                  

Later we've booted up our Vagrant box with the vagrant upwards command and logged into it using vagrant ssh, nosotros navigate to the previously defined project directory. In the example higher up this would be /domicile/vagrant/coding/jwt. We tin can now run php artisan migrate command in lodge to create the necessary user tables in our database.

Installing Composer Dependencies

Fortunately, there is a community of developers working on Laravel and maintaining many great packages that we can reuse and extend our awarding with. In this example we will use tymon/jwt-auth, by Sean Tymon, for handling tokens on the server side, and barryvdh/laravel-cors, past Barry vd. Heuvel, for handling CORS.

jwt-auth

Require the tymon/jwt-auth bundle in our composer.json and update our dependencies.

          composer crave tymon/jwt-auth 0.5.*                  

Add the JWTAuthServiceProvider to our app/config/app.php providers array.

          'Tymon\JWTAuth\Providers\JWTAuthServiceProvider'                  

Side by side, in app/config/app.php file, under the aliases assortment, nosotros add the JWTAuth facade.

          'JWTAuth' => 'Tymon\JWTAuth\Facades\JWTAuth'                  

Finally, we volition want to publish the package config using the following command: php artisan config:publish tymon/jwt-auth

JSON Spider web tokens are encrypted using a secret key. We can generate that key using the php artisan jwt:generate command. Information technology will be placed inside our config/jwt.php file. In the production environment, however, we never want to have our passwords or API keys inside configuration files. Instead, nosotros should identify them inside server environment variables and reference them in the configuration file with the env office. For instance:

          'undercover' => env('JWT_SECRET')                  

We tin can find out more than most this package and all of it's config settings on Github.

laravel-cors

Require the barryvdh/laravel-cors package in our composer.json and update our dependencies.

          composer require barryvdh/laravel-cors 0.4.x@dev                  

Add the CorsServiceProvider to our app/config/app.php providers array.

          'Barryvdh\Cors\CorsServiceProvider'                  

Then add together the middleware to our app/Http/Kernel.php.

          'Barryvdh\Cors\Middleware\HandleCors'                  

Publish the configuration to a local config/cors.php file past using the php artisan vendor:publish command.

Example of a cors.php file configuration:

          render [    'defaults' => [        'supportsCredentials' => false,        'allowedOrigins' => [],        'allowedHeaders' => [],        'allowedMethods' => [],        'exposedHeaders' => [],        'maxAge' => 0,        'hosts' => [],    ],     'paths' => [        'v1/*' => [            'allowedOrigins' => ['*'],            'allowedHeaders' => ['*'],            'allowedMethods' => ['*'],            'maxAge' => 3600,        ],    ], ];                  

Routing and Handling HTTP Requests

For the sake of brevity, I will put all my code within the routes.php file that is responsible for Laravel routing and delegating requests to controllers. We would usually create dedicated controllers for treatment all our HTTP requests and continue our code modular and clean.

We volition load our AngularJS SPA view using

          Road::become('/', office () {    render view('spa'); });                  

User Registration

When we brand a Post request to /signup with a username and password, we will try to create a new user and save it to the database. Later on the user has been created, a JWT is created and returned via JSON response.

          Route::post('/signup', function () {    $credentials = Input::only('electronic mail', 'countersign');     try {        $user = User::create($credentials);    } catch (Exception $due east) {        return Response::json(['error' => 'User already exists.'], HttpResponse::HTTP_CONFLICT);    }     $token = JWTAuth::fromUser($user);     render Response::json(compact('token')); });                  

User Sign In

When we make a POST request to /signin with a username and password, we verify that the user exists and returns a JWT via the JSON response.

          Road::post('/signin', office () {    $credentials = Input::only('email', 'password');     if ( ! $token = JWTAuth::endeavor($credentials)) {        render Response::json(false, HttpResponse::HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED);    }     return Response::json(compact('token')); });                  

Fetching a Restricted Resource on the Aforementioned Domain

Once the user is signed in, we can fetch the restricted resource. I've created a route /restricted that simulates a resource that needs an authenticated user. In order to practise this, the request Authorization header or query string needs to provide the JWT for the backend to verify.

          Road::get('/restricted', [    'before' => 'jwt-auth',    function () {        $token = JWTAuth::getToken();        $user = JWTAuth::toUser($token);         return Response::json([            'data' => [                'e-mail' => $user->email,                'registered_at' => $user->created_at->toDateTimeString()            ]        ]);    } ]);                  

In this case, I'yard using the jwt-auth middleware provided in the jwt-auth parcel using 'before' => 'jwt-auth'. This middleware is used to filter the request and validate the JWT token. If the token is invalid, not nowadays, or expired, the middleware volition throw an exception that we can catch.

In Laravel 5, we tin can catch exceptions using the app/Exceptions/Handler.php file. Using the render function we can create HTTP responses based on the thrown exception.

          public function return($request, Exception $e) {   if ($e instanceof \Tymon\JWTAuth\Exceptions\TokenInvalidException)   {      return response(['Token is invalid'], 401);   }   if ($e instanceof \Tymon\JWTAuth\Exceptions\TokenExpiredException)   {      render response(['Token has expired'], 401);   }    return parent::return($request, $e); }                  

If the user is authenticated and the token is valid, we tin can safely return the restricted data to the frontend via JSON.

Fetching Restricted Resources from the API Subdomain

In the adjacent JSON spider web token case, we'll take a dissimilar arroyo for token validation. Instead of using jwt-auth middleware, we will handle exceptions manually. When we make a POST request to an API server api.jwt.dev/v1/restricted, we are making a cross-origin request, and have to enable CORS on the backend. Fortunately, we have already configured CORS in the config/cors.php file.

          Route::group(['domain' => 'api.jwt.dev', 'prefix' => 'v1'], role () {    Route::get('/restricted', function () {        try {            JWTAuth::parseToken()->toUser();        } catch (Exception $e) {            render Response::json(['error' => $e->getMessage()], HttpResponse::HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED);        }         return ['data' => 'This has come up from a dedicated API subdomain with restricted admission.'];    }); });                  

AngularJS Frontend Case

Nosotros are using AngularJS equally a forepart-finish, relying on the API calls to the Laravel back-end hallmark server for user authentication and sample data, plus the API server for cross-origin example data. Once we become to the homepage of our project, the backend volition serve the resources/views/spa.blade.php view that will bootstrap the Angular application.

Here is the binder structure of the Angular app:

          public/   |-- css/       `-- bootstrap.superhero.min.css   |-- lib/       |-- loading-bar.css       |-- loading-bar.js       `-- ngStorage.js   |-- partials/       |-- abode.html       |-- restricted.html       |-- signin.html       `-- signup.html   `-- scripts/       |-- app.js       |-- controllers.js       `-- services.js                  

Bootstrapping the Athwart Application

spa.blade.php contains the blank essentials needed to run the awarding. We'll use Twitter Bootstrap for styling, along with a custom theme from Bootswatch. To have some visual feedback when making an AJAX call, we'll use the athwart-loading-bar script, which intercepts XHR requests and creates a loading bar. In the header section, nosotros take the following stylesheets:

          <link rel="stylesheet" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.ii.0/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/bootstrap.superhero.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/loading-bar.css">                  

The footer of our markup contains references to libraries, equally well as our custom scripts for Athwart modules, controllers and services.

          <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.ane.i/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/iii.3.ii/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/i.3.14/angular.min.js"></script> <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.3.14/angular-route.min.js"></script> <script src="/lib/ngStorage.js"></script> <script src="/lib/loading-bar.js"></script> <script src="/scripts/app.js"></script> <script src="/scripts/controllers.js"></script> <script src="/scripts/services.js"></script> </body>                  

We are using ngStorage library for AngularJS, to relieve tokens into the browser'south local storage, so that nosotros can transport it on each request via the Authorization header.

In the production surround, of course, nosotros would minify and combine all our script files and stylesheets in order to meliorate operation.

I've created a navigation bar using Bootstrap that will change the visibility of advisable links, depending on the sign-in status of the user. The sign-in status is determined past the presence of a token variable in the controller'due south scope.

          <div class="navbar-header">    <button blazon="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" information-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">        <span class="sr-but">Toggle navigation</span>        <span class="icon-bar"></span>        <span class="icon-bar"></span>        <span class="icon-bar"></span>    </button>    <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">JWT Angular example</a> </div> <div form="navbar-collapse collapse">    <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">        <li data-ng-evidence="token"><a ng-href="#/restricted">Restricted expanse</a></li>        <li data-ng-hibernate="token"><a ng-href="#/signin">Sign in</a></li>        <li information-ng-hibernate="token"><a ng-href="#/signup">Sign up</a></li>        <li data-ng-evidence="token"><a ng-click="logout()">Logout</a></li>    </ul> </div>                  

Routing

We have a file named app.js which is responsible for configuring all our front end routes.

          angular.module('app', [    'ngStorage',    'ngRoute',    'angular-loading-bar' ])    .constant('urls', {        Base: 'http://jwt.dev:8000',        BASE_API: 'http://api.jwt.dev:8000/v1'    })    .config(['$routeProvider', '$httpProvider', function ($routeProvider, $httpProvider) {        $routeProvider.            when('/', {                templateUrl: 'partials/domicile.html',                controller: 'HomeController'            }).            when('/signin', {                templateUrl: 'partials/signin.html',                controller: 'HomeController'            }).            when('/signup', {                templateUrl: 'partials/signup.html',                controller: 'HomeController'            }).            when('/restricted', {                templateUrl: 'partials/restricted.html',                controller: 'RestrictedController'            }).            otherwise({                redirectTo: '/'            });                  

Hither we tin see that we accept defined four routes that are handled by either HomeController or RestrictedController. Every route corresponds to a partial HTML view. Nosotros take too defined two constants that comprise URLs for our HTTP requests to the backend.

Asking Interceptor

The $http service of AngularJS allows usa to communicate with the backend and brand HTTP requests. In our case nosotros want to intercept every HTTP request and inject information technology with an Authority header containing our JWT if the user is authenticated. We can also use an interceptor to create a global HTTP error handler. Here is an example of our interceptor that injects a token if it's available in browser's local storage.

          $httpProvider.interceptors.push button(['$q', '$location', '$localStorage', function ($q, $location, $localStorage) {    render {        'request': function (config) {            config.headers = config.headers || {};            if ($localStorage.token) {                config.headers.Say-so = 'Bearer ' + $localStorage.token;            }            return config;        },        'responseError': function (response) {            if (response.status === 401 || response.condition === 403) {                $location.path('/signin');            }            return $q.decline(response);        }    }; }]);                  

Controllers

In the controllers.js file, we have defined two controllers for our application: HomeController and RestrictedController. HomeController handles sign-in, sign-up and logout functionality. It passes the username and password data from the sign-in and sign-up forms to the Auth service, which sends HTTP requests to the backend. It and then saves the token to local storage, or shows an error message, depending on the response from the backend.

          angular.module('app')    .controller('HomeController', ['$rootScope', '$scope', '$location', '$localStorage', 'Auth',        role ($rootScope, $telescopic, $location, $localStorage, Auth) {            function successAuth(res) {                $localStorage.token = res.token;                window.location = "/";            }             $scope.signin = function () {                var formData = {                    electronic mail: $scope.e-mail,                    password: $scope.countersign                };                 Auth.signin(formData, successAuth, office () {                    $rootScope.mistake = 'Invalid credentials.';                })            };             $scope.signup = function () {                var formData = {                    e-mail: $scope.email,                    password: $scope.password                };                 Auth.signup(formData, successAuth, function () {                    $rootScope.fault = 'Failed to signup';                })            };             $scope.logout = function () {                Auth.logout(function () {                    window.location = "/"                });            };            $telescopic.token = $localStorage.token;            $scope.tokenClaims = Auth.getTokenClaims();        }])                  

RestrictedController behaves the same way, only it fetches the data past using the getRestrictedData and getApiData functions on the Data service.

                      .controller('RestrictedController', ['$rootScope', '$scope', 'Data', function ($rootScope, $scope, Data) {        Data.getRestrictedData(role (res) {            $telescopic.data = res.data;        }, function () {            $rootScope.error = 'Failed to fetch restricted content.';        });        Data.getApiData(function (res) {            $telescopic.api = res.data;        }, function () {            $rootScope.error = 'Failed to fetch restricted API content.';        });    }]);                  

The backend is responsible for serving the restricted data but if the user is authenticated. This means that in social club to respond with the restricted data, the asking for that data needs to contain a valid JWT inside its Authorization header or query cord. If that is not the case, the server will respond with a 401 Unauthorized fault condition code.

Auth Service

The Auth service is responsible for making the sign in and sign upward HTTP requests to the backend. If the request is successful, the response contains the signed token, which is then base64 decoded, and the enclosed token claims information is saved into a tokenClaims variable. This is passed to the controller via the getTokenClaims function.

          angular.module('app')    .factory('Auth', ['$http', '$localStorage', 'urls', function ($http, $localStorage, urls) {        role urlBase64Decode(str) {            var output = str.replace('-', '+').supersede('_', '/');            switch (output.length % 4) {                example 0:                    interruption;                example two:                    output += '==';                    break;                instance three:                    output += '=';                    break;                default:                    throw 'Illegal base64url cord!';            }            return window.atob(output);        }         part getClaimsFromToken() {            var token = $localStorage.token;            var user = {};            if (typeof token !== 'undefined') {                var encoded = token.split('.')[one];                user = JSON.parse(urlBase64Decode(encoded));            }            return user;        }         var tokenClaims = getClaimsFromToken();         return {            signup: function (data, success, fault) {                $http.post(urls.BASE + '/signup', data).success(success).mistake(error)            },            signin: function (data, success, fault) {                $http.postal service(urls.BASE + '/signin', data).success(success).mistake(error)            },            logout: part (success) {                tokenClaims = {};                delete $localStorage.token;                success();            },            getTokenClaims: part () {                return tokenClaims;            }        };    }    ]);                  

Data Service

This is a uncomplicated service that makes requests to the authentication server as well every bit the API server for some dummy restricted data. It makes the asking, and delegates success and error callbacks to the controller.

          athwart.module('app')    .factory('Information', ['$http', 'urls', function ($http, urls) {         return {            getRestrictedData: function (success, mistake) {                $http.become(urls.Base + '/restricted').success(success).error(error)            },            getApiData: function (success, error) {                $http.get(urls.BASE_API + '/restricted').success(success).mistake(mistake)            }        };    }    ]);                  

Across This JSON Web Token Tutorial

Token-based authentication enables us to construct decoupled systems that are not tied to a item hallmark scheme. The token might be generated anywhere and consumed on any system that uses the same hush-hush key for signing the token. They are mobile set up, and exercise non require the states to use cookies.

JSON Web Tokens work across all popular programming languages and are quickly gaining in popularity. They are backed by companies like Google, Microsoft and Zendesk. Their standard specification by Net Engineering science Task Force (IETF) is however in the draft version and may change slightly in the future.

In that location is still a lot to encompass well-nigh JWTs, such with how to handle the security details, and refreshing tokens when they elapse, but the JSON Web Token tutorial should demonstrate the basic usage and, more importantly, the advantages of using JWTs.

Further Reading on the Toptal Engineering Blog:

• Building a Node.js/TypeScript REST API, Function 3: MongoDB, Authentication, and Automatic Tests

langloisleptied.blogspot.com

Source: https://www.toptal.com/web/cookie-free-authentication-with-json-web-tokens-an-example-in-laravel-and-angularjs

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